Garmin at the Crossroads (Case A) reviews the history of Garmin from its founding in 1991 until 2008. After 17 consecutive years of profitable growth in the personal navigation devices (PND) industry, Garmin was a top player with a strong cash position.

Garmin 2019 is the second in a two-part case. Case A reviews the history of Garmin from 1991 to 2008, when the personal navigation device (PND) industry is disrupted by the entry of smartphones with mapping applications.

The focus is on the flat-screen television industry from the early 2000s to the early 2010s. Aspects considered include consumer purchase behaviour and the role of retailers, diverse approaches taken by TV manufacturers, examples of entry and exit, and changing sourcing arrangements, which supports discussion of the industry structure and dynamics.

The (A) case describes how GE Healthcare developed an ECG device optimized for low-income mass markets in India. It also discusses the organizational changes GE made to better serve the Bottom of Pyramid (BOP) markets.

The (B) case discusses an ethical dilemma in selling compact ultrasound devices in BOP markets.